The Ancient Indus Valley civilization (circa 3300–1300 BCE) thrived in South Asia, with major cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Its people practiced urban planning, using grid layouts, sophisticated drainage systems, and standardized brick sizes. They engaged in agriculture, craftwork, and trade, creating pottery, jewelry, and seals. Social structure was likely complex, though little is known of its leaders or religion. Indus Valley scripts remain undeciphered, keeping many aspects of their

The Ancient Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's earliest urban cultures, flourished around 2600 to 1900 BCE in the northwestern regions of South Asia, primarily in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. Known for its advanced urban planning, the civilization featured well-structured cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with grid-like streets, sophisticated drainage systems, and impressive brick architecture. The economy was largely agricultural, supported by fertile floodplains of