Rubber is a natural substance deriving from trees, but to get it into its useful form, treatment in the form of a process called vulcanization must occur. Vulcanization cures rubber via the method of ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been leveraged to study the surface defects of natural rubber vulcanizates so that their structural−mechanical properties can be defined. This data is vital to ...

This group includes those materials in the Class A designation (no requirement regarding volume swell due to oil) and Types A and B designations (for continuous use not exceeding 70 and 100°C).