In-circuit test (ICT) systems have been the leaders in using electrical means to look for structural defects in PCBs. They employ bed-of-nails fixtures to provide electrical access to as many as 7000 ...

Conducting product testing on printed circuit boards (PCBs) has the potential to become costly. Because of this, it’s easy for businesses to view PCB assembly testing as an expense without much value.

Test engineers have a variety of options for testing printed-circuit boards—ranging from in-circuit testers to the latest in embedded-instrument technology. Despite the decline of PCB physical access ...