Every crystal's shape is a mirror of the internal arrangement of its molecules, but the molecules in photoswitchable crystals ...

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis represents a critical interdisciplinary field that bridges computational fluid dynamics and structural mechanics. It enables the detailed simulation of the ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

Metallography is the science of using microscopic techniques to examine sections or polished surfaces of metallic materials. It provides information about a metallic component’s composition, ...

“The demand for high bandwidth memory (HBM) has driven the need for advanced packaging solutions, particularly those involving fan-out layers to interconnect wafers within packages. To meet the ...

Unlike optical microscopy, SEM does not rely on light waves but instead uses a beam of electrons to interact with materials, enabling magnifications up to 300,000× and resolutions approaching 1 nm. 1 ...