When plumbing engineers design systems for multi-family buildings, the stakes are high. Construction schedules are tight. Budgets are locked. And design fees are fixed, making every hour of ...

Higher flow velocities lead to better water quality by increasing residual disinfectants and reducing microbial activity and nitrification Smaller diameter pipes (3/8") benefit most from high flow ...

Among a service tech’s many responsibilities is to pipe together refrigeration system components. When piping a system together, a technician must decide which pipe size to use — it’s not always as ...

While several methods exist for sizing collector pipes on steam lines, the results obtained from the various approaches can be quite different. This article will show how design parameters can be used ...

You can best test and diagnose a residential hydronic heating system using pressure ports and balancing valves. However, few residential systems have either of these accessories. A commonly ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. Piping systems are often not self-supporting because of routing, length, and weight factors. Weight loads include the weights of pipes, ...

The Castle Rock, Colo., town council has approved the adoption of IAPMO’s Water Demand Calculator as an alternative methodology for sizing water pipes in single and multifamily buildings. A ...

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 26, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- A new study from the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association, conducted by researchers at Drexel University suggests higher flow velocities and smaller ...