ABSTRACT A soil–vegetation–atmospheric boundary layer model was developed to study the performance of two local-closure and two nonlocal-closure boundary layer mixing schemes for use in meteorological ...

The chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere close to the surface is known to be strongly influenced by vegetation. However, two critical aspects of the forest environment have been neglected in the ...

Improved observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and its interactions with the ocean, land, and ice surfaces have great potential to advance science on a number of fronts, from improving ...